Write dialogue with purpose

Give each speaker a tactic

Before writing lines, decide what each character wants from the exchange. One may want reassurance while the other wants to end the conversation. Different intentions create tension without speeches explaining the entire plot. Let each line attempt something: persuade, distract, test, refuse or comfort.

Read the lines aloud at a natural pace. A short runtime cannot contain a page of dialogue and also allow entrances, reactions and movement. Use the chosen language explicitly and keep character names consistent. Short, distinct lines make timing and attribution easier to follow.

Let the image do its share

If a character’s hand is visibly shaking, a line saying “I am nervous” may be unnecessary. Place the important action beside the line and specify who is listening. A reaction can reveal more than another answer. Silence works when the audience understands what is being withheld.

During review, listen as well as watch. Check that the intended person speaks, the words are intelligible and the response arrives at the right moment. Correct a line or its delivery specifically rather than asking for an entirely different film when the rest of the scene works.

She slides the unopened letter back across the table. “You read it.” He keeps his hands in his lap. “I already know.” Leave a beat before either person moves.

Put it into practice

Write a six-line exchange in which one person wants a key and the other refuses. Remove any line that merely describes what the image already shows.

• Each speaker has a different immediate intention
• The exchange fits the planned scene length when read aloud

Go deeper in the handbook

Direct voices, dialogue and sound

Use a script and review the screenplay